Lessons in this chapter
- 1Foundations of Heredity and Mendel's ExperimentsHow true-breeding pea lines and controlled crosses revealed particulate inheritance.
- 2Monohybrid Crosses, Dominance and SegregationAlleles, genotype and phenotype, F1 and F2 predictions, Punnett squares and test crosses.
- 3Incomplete Dominance, Codominance and ABO Blood GroupsWhy heterozygotes can show intermediate or simultaneous trait expression, and how ABO alleles interact.
- 4Dihybrid Crosses and Independent AssortmentPredicting combined inheritance of two characters and establishing when 9:3:3:1 applies.
- 5Chromosomal Theory of InheritanceConnecting Mendelian factors with homologous chromosomes, meiosis and independent orientation.
- 6Linkage, Recombination and Genetic MappingHow linked loci produce excess parental combinations and how recombination frequencies estimate genetic distances.
- 7Polygenic Inheritance and PleiotropyMultiple genes influencing one trait and one gene influencing multiple phenotypes.
- 8Chromosomal and Haplodiploid Sex DeterminationChromosomal sex-determining systems in insects, mammals, birds and honeybees.
- 9Mutation and Pedigree AnalysisDNA mutation categories and evidence-based interpretation of human inheritance.
- 10Single-Gene Genetic DisordersCausal mechanisms for sex-linked disorders, inherited anaemias and metabolic conditions.
- 11Chromosomal Disorders and KaryotypesNumerical chromosome changes, nondisjunction, trisomy 21 and sex-chromosome differences.
- 12Chapter Summary and PracticeSynthesis of inheritance mechanisms, chromosome behaviour, human genetics and fully worked chapter-wide problems.