CBSE · Class 11 · Chemistry · Chapter 4

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Chemical bonding, VSEPR theory and molecular geometry.

12 lessons 220 min
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Lessons in this chapter

  1. 1Why Atoms Bond: Lewis Symbols and Covalent BondsDiscover how valence electrons help explain electron transfer, electron sharing, and the formation of chemical bonds.
  2. 2Drawing and Testing Lewis StructuresBuild Lewis structures systematically, check formal charges, and recognise the limits of the octet rule.
  3. 3Ionic Bonds and Crystal StabilityFollow electron transfer into a three-dimensional crystal and explain why lattice formation stabilises ionic solids.
  4. 4Measuring Bonds and Understanding ResonanceRelate bond length, energy, and order to experimental evidence, then use resonance to explain equivalent bonds.
  5. 5Bond Polarity and Molecular Dipole MomentsUse electron attraction and molecular geometry to explain polar bonds, net dipoles, and the overlap between ionic and covalent character.
  6. 6Predicting Molecular Shape with VSEPRUse electron-domain repulsion to predict three-dimensional shapes and explain how lone pairs alter bond angles.
  7. 7Valence Bond Theory and Orbital OverlapExplain covalent-bond formation through forces, energy changes, orbital overlap, and the distinction between sigma and pi bonds.
  8. 8Hybridisation and the Shapes of Covalent MoleculesConnect hybrid orbitals with molecular geometry and build the sigma–pi bonding descriptions of common molecules.
  9. 9Building Molecular OrbitalsConstruct bonding and antibonding orbitals and learn the energy patterns needed to describe a molecule’s electrons.
  10. 10Molecular Orbital Configurations and PredictionsFill molecular orbitals to predict bonding, relative bond strength, and magnetic properties of diatomic molecules and ions.
  11. 11Hydrogen Bonding and Its EffectsExplain how a polar hydrogen-containing bond can link molecules or connect suitable groups within the same molecule.
  12. 12Chapter Summary and PracticeConnect electron counting, shape, polarity, orbital models, and intermolecular attraction through whole-chapter reasoning and mixed practice.
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