Lessons in this chapter
- 1Understanding Plant ClassificationWhy plant classification changes and how five broad groups differ in structure, reproduction and ancestry.
- 2Algae: Structure, Reproduction and ImportanceDiverse algal thalli, reproductive modes, ecological roles and practical uses.
- 3Green, Brown and Red AlgaeCompare Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae by pigments, reserves, structure, reproduction and examples.
- 4Bryophytes: Structure and Life CycleTrace the dominant haploid gametophyte and attached diploid sporophyte through fertilisation and meiosis.
- 5Liverworts and MossesMarchantia gemmae and reproductive branches, moss protonema, leafy shoots and sporophyte development.
- 6Pteridophytes: Vascular Plants and HeterosporyExplore the vascular sporophyte, prothallus life cycle, sporangia, homospory, heterospory and seed-habit precursors.
- 7Gymnosperms: Structure and ReproductionLearn naked seeds, reduced gametophytes, cones, ovules, pollination and gymnosperm ecology.
- 8Angiosperms and Plant Life-Cycle ComparisonsLearn ovule enclosure, flowers, monocots and dicots, generation differences and chromosome ploidy.
- 9Chapter Summary and PracticeIntegrate all major plant groups, chromosome ploidy, algal classifications, seed evolution and mixed practice with model answers.