Lessons in this chapter
- 1Principles of Animal ClassificationUse organisation levels, digestion, circulation and development to classify animals.
- 2Body Plans: Symmetry, Coelom and NotochordCompare symmetry, germ layers, cavities, segmentation and chordate structural features.
- 3Porifera, Cnidaria and CtenophoraWater currents, cnidocytes, polyp-medusa forms and ciliary comb-plate locomotion.
- 4Flatworms and RoundwormsDistinguish acoelomate parasitic flatworms from pseudocoelomate roundworms.
- 5Annelida and ArthropodaCompare metameric segments, nephridia, exoskeletons, jointed appendages and circulatory systems.
- 6Mollusca, Echinodermata and HemichordataCompare mantle, muscular foot, water vascular system and proboscis-collar-trunk body form.
- 7Chordata and ProtochordatesNotochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and chordate subphyla.
- 8Jawless, Cartilaginous and Bony FishesCyclostomata, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes: skeleton, gills, buoyancy and reproduction.
- 9Amphibians and ReptilesSkin, respiration, circulation, development and amniote reproduction in land vertebrates.
- 10Birds and MammalsFeathers, air sacs, pneumatic bones, mammary glands, hair, teeth and reproduction.
- 11Chapter Summary and PracticeIntegrated comparison of animal phyla and vertebrate classes with complete source-exercise solutions.